Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Vol. 262, No. 2 (2004) 429–432
0236–5731/2004/USD 20.00 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest
© 2004 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht
Solvent extraction of some incapacitating agents
O. Navrátil,* Z. Kobliha, E. Halámek
Department of Chemistry, The Military University of Ground Forces, 68203 Vyškov, Czech Republic
(Received April 26, 2004)
Five different incapacitating agents have been studied as ionic associates using solvent extraction. The water phase contained 0.1–0.01M HCl,
the organic phase was chloroform. The distribution of appropriate ionic associates was established by means of dicarbollylcobaltate anion labeled
with
60
Co.
Introduction
Incapacitating agents are utilized mostly as police
substances nowadays. According to the speed of ingoing
influence and action syndrome, they are divided into
irritants and psychochemical agents.
1
We have chosen
such ones which create extractable ionic associates with
labeled radioactive dicarbollylcobaltate anions.
The irritants dibenzo[b,f]-1,4-oxazepine (
CR
) and (E)-
N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)]-8-methyl-6-nonen-
amide, capsaicin (
C
) were chosen and 1-(1'-phenyl-
cyclohexyl)piperidine, (
PCP
), quinuclidin-3-yl-hydroxy-
(diphenyl) acetate, (
BZ
) and N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenyl-
ethyl)-4-piperidinyl]propanamide, fentanyl (
F
) were also
selected as psychochemical agents (Scheme 1).
The bis-1,2-dicarbollylcobaltate anion, [Co(
5
-1,2-
C
2
B
9
H
11
)
2
]
–
(henceforth X
–
), was used in our earlier
work
2
for the study of its ionic associates with some
organic cations. Further, we have utilized the method of
competitive extraction
3
for partition of these ionic
associates in the presence of the competing anion L
–
,
where HL is a suitable monobasic acid commonly used
for extractive spectrophotometric determination of the
concentration of bases.
This work supplies our earlier results
3
concerning
CR
,
PCP
and
BZ
and presents new results for
C
and
F
.
These five compounds are of military importance. Two
of them (
CR
,
C
) are substances for the liquidation of
riots (riot control) and form frequently effective charge
of different defensive police and antiterrorist means. The
remaining three are psychopharmaceutical compounds:
BZ
is treated as toxic weapon which was applied also in
the Vietnam conflict.
PCP
and
F
are anaesthetics and
anticonvulsants with massive effect to the head and
shoulders above morphine.
F
has been used as
antiterrorist means in form of aerosol in the intervention
of Russian special forces in the Moscow theatre
Dubrovka on October 2002.
PCP
is abused as a drug.
The sampling of the above-mentioned substances is
realized usually by swabs, either by means of dry cotton
or wetted ones by dichloromethane, trichloromethane,
* E-mail: navratil@vvs-pv.cz
hexane, etc. The swab of nitrogen bases is realized by
means of diluted acids, i.e., HCl. For extractive
spectrophometric determination of the discussed
substances chloroform is used predominantly as an
organic phase.
4
Experimental
Materials
All the chemicals were of analytical grade (
C
:
Aldrich;
CR
,
PCP
,
BZ
: Army Factory 072 Zemianské
Kostolany, Slovak Republic;
F
: Janssen Pharm. N.V.,
Beerse, Belgium).
As coloured reagents HL (Aldrich, Merck) which
form competitive anions were used: triphenylmethane
dyes Bromocresol Green, Bromophenol Blue,
Bromothymol Blue, Bromoxylenol Blue, p-Xylenol
Blue, Bromopyrogallol Red, Eriochrome Cyanine R
[C.I.43820] , azo dyes Eriochrome Blue Black B,
Orange II [C.I.15510], Amido Black 10 B [C.I.20470],
Ponceau Xylidine [C.I.16150] and 2,6-dinitrophenol.
Cesium bis(1,2-dicarbollyl)cobaltate labeled with
60
Co, Cs[
60
Co(
5
-1,2-C
2
B
9
H
11
)
2
], was synthesized in
ÚJV KeL Comp., Czech Republic. Their radiochemical
purity was checked
-spectrometrically, total activity
being 9.4 MBq. The stock solutions were prepared by
dissolving exact amounts of CsX in 0.1M and 0.01M
HCl; their concentrations were 1.0
.
10
–7
to 6.6
.
10
–6
M,
with activities 3000–6000 Bq
.
ml
–1
.
Chloroform (Lachema Brno, Czech Pharmacopoeia
MsL 4 purity) was used as organic phase without
purification.
Equipment
The
-activity of solutions was measured with an NA
3601 Gamaautomat (Tesla, Liberec, Czech Republic)
with a well-type NaI(Tl) detector. Radiochemical purity
of CsX was checked with a 4096-channel spectrometer
Silena (Italy) with Ge detector.