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Habiba Hadziavdic University of Saint Thomas eorg Simmel is today widely viewed as the patron of sociology as science.1 Together with Max Weber, Rudolf Goldscheid, and Ferdinand Tönnies, he cofounded the German Sociological Association (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Soziologie) in 1909. Around the same time, Robert E. Park, a former student of Simmel became a prominent professor of sociology at the University of Chicago, publishing extensively on the topical issues of the time, namely race and culture.2 In two primary texts, "Human Migration and the Marginal Man"3 and "Exkurs über den Fremden,"4 by Park and Simmel respectively, the concept of the "Marginal Man" (or Fremde) is central and, usually in reference to "the Jew," directly correlates to the processes of othering German Sinti and Roma, and is crucial in deconstructing the antiziganistic concept "Gypsy." Furthermore, the explicitly stated exclusion of Gypsies as "Marginal Man" by Park and the more subtle omission of the same by Simmel perpetuate the same framework within which Sinti and Roma are seen as stateless Gypsies, or pariahs in any country. Critical engagement with Park's and Simmel's texts here is centered on the creation of the culturally constructed figure of the Gypsy that continues to
Rocky Mountain Review – Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association
Published: May 10, 2012
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