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segregation of membrane proteins into specialized domains is important for many aspects of cell function, especially those involving cell-cell interaction and conununication . Of particular interest to cellular and molecular neurobiologists are the highly specialized distributions of ion channels at synapses. Both the pre- and postsynaptic membranes exhibit organized arrays ofion channels that are important for synaptic transmission. At the neuromuscular junction, voltage-activated calcium channels are clustered at presynaptic active zones (62), the sites ofacetylcholine release . Directly across the synaptic gap from active zones are regions of the postsynaptic membrane containing extraordinarily high concentrations (8-10,000/pz) of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChR)' (24). A few microns away from the synapse, the concentration of receptors abruptly decreases to very low levels . Typically, >90% of the AChR in a skeletal muscle fiber are found at the synapse, an area that occupies <0.1% of the total muscle membrane. The AM is a pentameric complex of four different transmembrane subunits that is inherently capable of diffusion within theplane ofthe membrane. Understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible for anchoring AChR at postsynaptic sites has been a major issue for researchers interested in neuromuscular synaptogenesis. Clustering of AChR occurs early during rat neuromuscular synapse formation,
The Journal of Cell Biology – Rockefeller University Press
Published: Jul 1, 1991
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