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The electrophysiological properties of embryonic chick hearts (ventricles) change during development; the largest changes occur between days 2 and 8. Resting potential ( E m ) and peak overshoot potential (+ E max ) increase, respectively, from -35 mv and +11 mv at day 2 to -70 mv and +28 mv at days 12–21. Action potential duration does not change significantly. Maximum rate of rise of the action potential (+ V max ) increases from about 20 v/sec at days 2–3 to 150 v/sec at days 18–21; + V max of young cells is not greatly increased by applied hyperpolarizing current pulses. In resting E m vs. log K + o curves, the slope at high K + is lower in young hearts (e.g. 30 mv/decade) than the 50–60 mv/decade obtained in old hearts, but the extrapolated K + i values (125–140 m M ) are almost as high. Input resistance is much higher in young hearts (13 MΩ at day 2 vs. 4.5 MΩ at days 8–21), suggesting that the membrane resistivity ( R m ) is higher. The ratio of permeabilities, P Na / P K , is high (about 0.2) in young hearts, due to a low P K , and decreases during ontogeny (to about 0.05). The low K + conductance ( g K ) in young hearts accounts for the greater incidence of hyperpolarizing afterpotentials and pacemaker potentials, the lower sensitivity (with respect to loss of excitability) to elevation of K + o , and the higher chronaxie. Acetylcholine does not increase g K of young or old ventricular cells. The increase in (Na + , K + )-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity during development tends to compensate for the increase in g K . + E max and + V max are dependent on Na + o in both young and old hearts. However, the Na + channels in young hearts (2–4 days) are slow, tetrodotoxin (TTX)-insensitive, and activated-inactivated at lower E m . In contrast, the Na + channels of cells in older hearts (> 8 days) are fast and TTX-sensitive, but they revert back to slow channels when placed in culture. Footnotes Submitted: 5 January 1972
The Journal of General Physiology – Rockefeller University Press
Published: Oct 1, 1972
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