Abstract
<p>In the 1940s a 16-year-old girl was referred for a clinical evaluation <p>because her family considered her nervous, withdrawn and difficult. . . . [E]specially in the last three years, she had bitten her fingernails and shown other signs of nervousness, lacked interest in her appearance, and objected to taking baths; she had little interest in school or other activities and made few friends. This behavior had been especially apparent since she had entered high school, that is, during the year before she was examined. (Rosenzweig, 1949, p. 296)</p> </p> <p>Her school grades were “at the low average level—Cs and Ds” (Rosenzweig, 1949, p. 297), and a psychological evaluation indicated that the young woman had what we would now call a mild intellectual disability (ID). She experienced frustration over her failure to do well at school, self-blame, a poor self-image, and a tendency “to retreat from situations where she would be inadequate” (Rosenzweig, 1949, p. 310). “The personality picture was . . . that of a girl of defective intelligence, immersed in an environmental situation far too difficult for one of her ability” (Rosenzweig, 1949, p. 302).</p> <p>The point of interest for present purposes is the recommendation thatPreview Only. This article cannot be rented because we do not currently have permission from the publisher.
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