<p>What makes us individual and unique? Just as each of us is born with our own unique combination of physical traits such as color of eyes, hair, and skin, so, too, we are born with our own unique combination of behavioral characteristics or temperament. Temperament consists of biologically based individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation (Rothbart & Bates, 2006).</p> <p>Reactivity refers to how easily one’s emotions, motor activity, and attentional reactions to the environment are aroused (e.g., an infant’s reaction to a new stimulus or person). How quickly does one feel frustrated or angry when trying to complete a new difficult task? How intense is that reaction? And how long does it take one to calm down and recover from such a reaction? Self-regulation refers to the processes that regulate reactions by increasing or decreasing them. Whereas temperament refers to one’s individual tendencies, these tendencies are not continually expressed. For instance, an easily frustrated child is not always irritable but will be more prone to frustration and anger when his or her intentions are blocked or expectations are not met. These temperamental differences, exhibited from infancy, are the earliest individual differences in personality.</p> <p>Historically, we have sought to
Nurturing Our Innate Individual Differences
Abstract
<p>What makes us individual and unique? Just as each of us is born with our own unique combination of physical traits such as color of eyes, hair, and skin, so, too, we are born with our own unique combination of behavioral characteristics or temperament. Temperament consists of biologically based individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation (Rothbart & Bates, 2006).</p> <p>Reactivity refers to how easily one’s emotions, motor activity, and attentional reactions to the environment are aroused (e.g., an infant’s reaction to a new stimulus or person). How quickly does one feel frustrated or angry when trying to complete a new difficult task? How intense is that reaction? And how long does it take one to calm down and recover from such a reaction? Self-regulation refers to the processes that regulate reactions by increasing or decreasing them. Whereas temperament refers to one’s individual tendencies, these tendencies are not continually expressed. For instance, an easily frustrated child is not always irritable but will be more prone to frustration and anger when his or her intentions are blocked or expectations are not met. These temperamental differences, exhibited from infancy, are the earliest individual differences in personality.</p> <p>Historically, we have sought toPreview Only. This article cannot be rented because we do not currently have permission from the publisher.
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Nurturing Our Innate Individual Differences
Talwar, Victoria
Follow PsycCRITIQUES
, Volume 57 (5)
PsycCRITIQUES® – Feb 1, 2012
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