Conducted 3 experiments to differentiate 2 models of schema abstraction: the generalization model, which proposes that category generalizations are abstracted during learning and used to classify transfer items, and the instance-only model, according to which transfer items are classified by their similarity to studied items. 163 university students and staffpersons were Ss. Study materials yielded category generalizations (generalize condition) or did not (control condition), and transfer items differed as to whether they were classifiable by category generalizations and as to their similarity to study items. In Exps I and II, accuracy and confidence on transfer items were better in the generalize than the control condition. In Exp III, study items were learned faster and transfer performance was better with blocked presentation (grouping items contributing to a category generalization) than with random presentation. In all 3 experiments, there was an effect for the similarity of transfer items to study material. There was some evidence indicating better transfer performance on novel items that partially, rather than completely, fit a category generalization. Results support a schema abstraction model in which transfer is a function of similarity both to specific category instances and to higher order category information abstracted from those instances. (13 ref)
The effects of category generalizations and instance similarity on schema abstraction
Abstract
Conducted 3 experiments to differentiate 2 models of schema abstraction: the generalization model, which proposes that category generalizations are abstracted during learning and used to classify transfer items, and the instance-only model, according to which transfer items are classified by their similarity to studied items. 163 university students and staffpersons were Ss. Study materials yielded category generalizations (generalize condition) or did not (control condition), and transfer items differed as to whether they were classifiable by category generalizations and as to their similarity to study items. In Exps I and II, accuracy and confidence on transfer items were better in the generalize than the control condition. In Exp III, study items were learned faster and transfer performance was better with blocked presentation (grouping items contributing to a category generalization) than with random presentation. In all 3 experiments, there was an effect for the similarity of transfer items to study material. There was some evidence indicating better transfer performance on novel items that partially, rather than completely, fit a category generalization. Results support a schema abstraction model in which transfer is a function of similarity both to specific category instances and to higher order category information abstracted from those instances. (13 ref)Preview Only. This article cannot be rented because we do not currently have permission from the publisher.
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The effects of category generalizations and instance similarity on schema abstraction
Elio, Renée; Anderson, John R.
Follow Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory
, Volume 7 (6): 397
PsycARTICLES® – Nov 1, 1981
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