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KARAITES REAL AND IMAGINED: THREE CASES OF JEWISH HERESY HERESIES REAL AND IMAGINED There is a widespread misperception that Judaism is a religion of praxis rather than belief, in which adhering to behavioural pre- cepts, rather than particular doctrines, renders one a member in good standing. But was premodern Judaism nothing but a con- geries of rabbinic dictates on how to observe the commandments properly? Was belief really so marginal a consideration in deter- mining the boundaries of the Jewish oecumene? What has pre- vented much of modern Jewish historiography from focusing on struggles over doctrine? The first modern works on Spinoza are a case in point, insisting that he was excommunicated from the Amsterdam Sephardi * My sincere thanks to Miriam Bodian, Piero Capelli, Matt Goldish, Adrian Johnston, David Ruderman, Stephen D. White, the Department of Religion at Columbia University and the History seminar at Johns Hopkins University for their comments on earlier versions of this article; to Tonio Andrade for help with Dutch, Jeffrey Lesser with Portuguese and Nathan Hofer and Mary Jo Duncanson with refer- ences; and to Tamer el-Leithy, with whom the second case study has been a shared project. To Yosef Hayim Yerushalmi, who
Past & Present – Oxford University Press
Published: Nov 1, 2007
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