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Environmental risk factors for lung cancer in Iran: a casecontrol study

Environmental risk factors for lung cancer in Iran: a casecontrol study Background Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death in the world. In Iran, lung cancer is one of the five leading tumours and its incidence has been increasing steadily in both men and women. There is a paucity of data from Iran on risk factors for lung cancer. We evaluated environmental risk factors for lung cancer in a casecontrol study in five hospitals of Tehran.Methods Between October 2002 and October 2005, 242 (178 male, 64 female) patients with histologically confirmed lung cancer and two controls for each patient (242 hospital controls and 242 visiting healthy controls) matched for age, sex and place of residence were interviewed using a structured questionnaire on potential risk factors for lung cancer, including environmental and occupational exposures. Associations between risk factors and lung cancer were assessed using conditional logistic regression.Results Smokers were 66.5 of all cases (85.4 of men and 14.1 of women) and smoking was the strongest correlate of lung cancer in multivariate analysis [odds ratio (OR) 5.4, 95 confidence interval (CI) 3.28.9]. Occupational exposures to inorganic dusts (OR 4.2, 95 CI 2.86.7), chemical compounds (OR 3.4, 95 CI 2.15.6) and heavy metals (OR 3.0, 95 CI 1.37.0) were also independent risk factors for lung cancer.Conclusions In our study, smoking was the principal risk factor for lung cancer. However, preventable exposures in the environment, including occupational settings, should not be ignored. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png International Journal of Epidemiology Oxford University Press

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References (45)

Publisher
Oxford University Press
Copyright
Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association The Author 2009; all rights reserved.
ISSN
0300-5771
eISSN
1464-3685
DOI
10.1093/ije/dyp218
pmid
19589809
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Background Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death in the world. In Iran, lung cancer is one of the five leading tumours and its incidence has been increasing steadily in both men and women. There is a paucity of data from Iran on risk factors for lung cancer. We evaluated environmental risk factors for lung cancer in a casecontrol study in five hospitals of Tehran.Methods Between October 2002 and October 2005, 242 (178 male, 64 female) patients with histologically confirmed lung cancer and two controls for each patient (242 hospital controls and 242 visiting healthy controls) matched for age, sex and place of residence were interviewed using a structured questionnaire on potential risk factors for lung cancer, including environmental and occupational exposures. Associations between risk factors and lung cancer were assessed using conditional logistic regression.Results Smokers were 66.5 of all cases (85.4 of men and 14.1 of women) and smoking was the strongest correlate of lung cancer in multivariate analysis [odds ratio (OR) 5.4, 95 confidence interval (CI) 3.28.9]. Occupational exposures to inorganic dusts (OR 4.2, 95 CI 2.86.7), chemical compounds (OR 3.4, 95 CI 2.15.6) and heavy metals (OR 3.0, 95 CI 1.37.0) were also independent risk factors for lung cancer.Conclusions In our study, smoking was the principal risk factor for lung cancer. However, preventable exposures in the environment, including occupational settings, should not be ignored.

Journal

International Journal of EpidemiologyOxford University Press

Published: Aug 9, 2009

Keywords: Lung cancer risk factors smoking environmental exposures Iran

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