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Consequence of neo-antigenicity of the ‘altered self’

Consequence of neo-antigenicity of the ‘altered self’ Post-translational modifications play a central role in determining the function of proteins. Such protein modifications come in a great variety of guises, and include phosphorylation, proteolysis, glycosylation, citrullination and oxidative modifications. In relation to inflammatory autoimmune diseases, some post-translational modifications appear to result in the generation of new antigens, and hence autoantibodies. Examples include: the induction of peptide immunogenicity by the spontaneous conversion of aspartic acid residues to isoaspartic acid; granzyme B-mediated cleavage of SLE autoantigens; the oxidative modification—on the surface of apoptotic cells—of lipids and proteins, rendering them immunogenic; and the presence of antibodies to oxidatively modified type II collagen and C1q in RA and SLE patients, respectively. The measurement of autoantibodies to citrullinated proteins has been verified as a very useful diagnostic tool in RA. Proteomics techniques, in principle, allow the detection of all types of in vivo protein modifications, and the increasing application of such technologies to the study of rheumatological diseases will further our understanding of autoantigenicity. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Rheumatology Oxford University Press

Consequence of neo-antigenicity of the ‘altered self’

Rheumatology , Volume 47 (5) – May 3, 2008

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References (36)

Publisher
Oxford University Press
Copyright
© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
ISSN
1462-0324
eISSN
1462-0332
DOI
10.1093/rheumatology/ken014
pmid
18316337
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Post-translational modifications play a central role in determining the function of proteins. Such protein modifications come in a great variety of guises, and include phosphorylation, proteolysis, glycosylation, citrullination and oxidative modifications. In relation to inflammatory autoimmune diseases, some post-translational modifications appear to result in the generation of new antigens, and hence autoantibodies. Examples include: the induction of peptide immunogenicity by the spontaneous conversion of aspartic acid residues to isoaspartic acid; granzyme B-mediated cleavage of SLE autoantigens; the oxidative modification—on the surface of apoptotic cells—of lipids and proteins, rendering them immunogenic; and the presence of antibodies to oxidatively modified type II collagen and C1q in RA and SLE patients, respectively. The measurement of autoantibodies to citrullinated proteins has been verified as a very useful diagnostic tool in RA. Proteomics techniques, in principle, allow the detection of all types of in vivo protein modifications, and the increasing application of such technologies to the study of rheumatological diseases will further our understanding of autoantigenicity.

Journal

RheumatologyOxford University Press

Published: May 3, 2008

Keywords: Post-translational modification Protein oxidation Citrullination Oxidized low-density lipoprotein Inflammation Rheumatic diseases Anti-phospholipid syndrome Neo-antigenicity Autoantibody Apoptosis

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