Reviews Diseases and Human Evolution. By Ethne Barnes (Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 2005) 484 pp. $29.95 This book draws together literature authored by medical scientists, anthropologists, historians, and geographers (among others) to address, in interdisciplinary fashion, the question of the synergistic evolution of humans and their pathogens. A major theme is that humans, by rearranging their environment, carry much of the blame for their own disease burden. Barnes, a paleopathologist, begins with a crisp analysis of the agents of that burdenâbacterial, viral, protozoal, rickettsial, and helminthicâ (along with their vectors) and a discussion of how our immune systems work to ward them off. Next she introduces the ªrst and most far-reaching of all the rearrangements, the Neolithic revolution, which saw the invention of agriculture, the domestication of animals, and the beginning of urban life, collectively unleashing diseases on humankind that would bedevil us for millennia to come. Subsequent chapters maintain a rough chronological order, ªtting these diseases into a historical as well as an evolutionary/medical discussion. Ailments that predated the Neolithicâsuch as malaria, schistosomiasis, and trypanosomiasis in the Old World, Chagasâ disease in the New, and leishmaniasis in bothâare followed by those that came from domesticated
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Egypt Land: Race and Nineteenth-Century American Egyptomania . By Scott Trafton (Durham, Duke University Press, 2004) 348 pages $84.95 cloth $23.95 paper
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, Volume 37 (4)
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