Prevalence of Genotypic Resistance to Nucleoside Analogues, Nonnucleoside Analogues, and Protease Inhibitors in HIV-Infected Persons in Athens, Greece
Abstract
The objective was to study the prevalence of genotypic resistance to nucleoside analogues (NRTIs), nonnucleoside analogues (NNRTIs), and protease inhibitors among HIV-1-infected persons in Athens, Greece. Patients followed at two HIV units were examined for prevalence of emergence of antiretroviral resistance mutations (ARMs) in this observational study where complete therapy history was available. All mutations were recorded according to the October//November 2005 IAS-USA Drug Resistance Mutations Figures. A total of 234 patients underwent genotypic testing of 2069 followed (1987––2004). The most frequent ARMs of each drug category were to NRTIs at codons M184V present in 149 tests (63.6%%), M41L 79 (33.8%%), K70R 66 (28.2%%), M184VI 58 (24.8%%), T215YF 53 (22.7%%), D67N 82 (35.0%%), T215Y 72 (30.8%%), K219Q 47 (20.1%%), K219E//Q 54 (23.1%%), and L210W 49 (20.9%%), respectively. The most prevalent mutations related to NNRTIs were K103N present in 59 tests (25.2%%), G190A 50 (21.4%%), and Y181C 48 (20.5%%. Mutations in the protease gene showed that the ARM at residue L63P was the most prevalent present in 119 samples (50.9%%). L90M (26.5%%) was among the most frequently observed single key protease mutations in our series, although variables of V82 and I54 amino acid substitutions were more frequent. M184V (63.6%%) and K103N (25.2%%) were the most frequent mutations related to NRTIs and NNRTIs, respectively.