Drug toxicity in pediatric ophthalmology
Abstract
The current, clinically pertinent literature on nonallergic ocular side effects of drugs and systemic side effects of ocular medications is reviewed in relation to the pediatric age group, including eyedrop dosage considerations. The broad range of such agents includes corticosteroids, anesthetics, chemotherapeutic antimicrobial, antiamebic, antimalarial, and antineoplastic agents, as well as autonomically active eyedrops. Some coverage is given to teratogenic drugs that may produce ocular defects. In addition, the drug-induced syndromes of malignant hyperthermia and benign intracranial hypertension are briefly discussed. A broad pediatric perspective requires the inclusion of some of the major systemic side effects of certain systemic agents that produce ocular side effects, for example, chloramphenicol and vitamin A. This pediatric orientation also justifies mention of immunizations, even though the agents used may not ordinarily be considered drugs. Other miscellaneous agents are also reviewed. The National Registry for Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects is located at the Oregon Health Sciences University in Portland. Reports of findings or experiences are invited from all readers, and the interested physician or researcher is invited to make specific inquiries for information from the Registry. This exchange of information is offered as a free service.