A History of Drug Metabolism in the United Kingdom
Abstract
DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS. 29(3). 801-851 (1997) A HISTORY OF DRUG METABOLISM IN THE UNITED KINGDOM* DENNIS V . PARKE f School o Biological Sciences University of Surrey Guildford. Surrey GU2 5XH. UK ...................................................... I1. METHODOLOGY ...................................................... I11. PROFESSIONAL ANTIPATHY ..................................... IV . C-OXYGENATIONS AND METABOLISM IN VIVO ......... A . Background ......................................................... B . Aromatic Hydroxylations ......................................... C . Other C-Hydroxylations .......................................... D . Species Differences in Metabolism ............................. E. Gut Microbial Metabolism ....................................... V . N- AND S-OXYGENATIONS....................................... A . N-Oxidations ....................................................... B . S-Oxidations ........................................................ VI . CONJUGATIONS ...................................................... A . Glucuronides ........................................................ B . Sulfates .............................................................. I . INTRODUCTION 802 807 810 813 813 814 817 817 818 819 819 820 820 820 821 *This paper was invited by Drs . James R . Gillette and Ronald W . Estabrook to explain how drug metabolism research during the last few decades led to its expansion in directions that have become central in pharmacology and toxicology. 801 Copyright 0 1997 by Marcel Dekker. Inc . 802 PARKE C. Mercapturic Acids ....................... .... ................ ...... 82 1 VII. CANCER BIOCHEMISTRY ......................................... VIII. DRUG METABOLISM AND TOXICOLOGY ................... A. Background ............................................... .......... B. Sulfonamides ...................................................... . C. Diethyl