Self-organization of rat cardiac cells into contractile 3-D cardiac tissue Keith Baar ‡ , Ravi Birla † , Marvin O. Boluyt § , Gregory H. Borschel || , Ellen M. Arruda * ,†† and Robert G. Dennis * ,† ,‡ ,‡‡ ,1 * Departments of Mechanical and † Biomedical Engineering, ‡ Institute of Gerontology, § Division of Kinesiology, || Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, and †† The Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; and ‡‡ Harvard-MIT HST, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA 1 Correspondence: Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward, Room 3116, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125, USA. E-mail: bobden@umich.edu <h3>SPECIFIC AIMS</h3> Engineering cardiac tissue without the mechanical restriction of scaffolds has many important scientific applications. Even small functional cardiac tissue constructs could be used to study the effects of gene therapy or various drugs on cardiac tissue formation and contractility. On a larger scale, engineered cardiac muscle could be used to develop replacement tissue for individuals with heart failure. Furthermore, directing neonatal cardiomyocytes to self-organize into contractile cardiac tissue may yield valuable information on essential developmental processes. We describe a method for culturing cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts in such a way as
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