Response to comments by Ervin G. Erdös François Haas 1 New York University Institute of Community Health and Research, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA 1 Correspondence: New York University Institute of Community Health and Research, New York University School of Medicine, 400 East 34th St., RR114, New York, NY 10016, USA. E-mail: francois.haas@med.nyu.edu It was certainly not my intention to suggest that white POWs were not mistreated or that only the SS regularly committed atrocities. There is no question that the regular Wehrmacht units were complicit in these crimes. My aim was to punctuate an often-overlooked series of events that took place on the Western Front early in the war and presaged the racialized warfare associated with the crimes on the Eastern Front that you refer to in your letter. The following are examples of this racially based warfare targeting the "Tirailleur Sénégalais"—part of the French Colonial troops—in 1940 (1) . The best-researched massacre occurred northwest of Lyon where the SS "Totenkopf" division—the Death Head’s Division you refer to—and the Grossdeutschland Infantry Division—a unit particularly devoted to Nazi ideology—murdered Black survivors, some after they were first tortured. In the Somme region of
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