Physiological activation of hypoxia inducible factor-1 in human skeletal muscle Helene Ameln * ,† , 1 ,2 , Thomas Gustafsson * ,‡ , 1 ,2 , Carl Johan Sundberg * , Kensaku Okamoto † ,§ , Eva Jansson ‡ , Lorenz Poellinger † and Yuichi Makino † ,§ * Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, † Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, and ‡ Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and § Division of Clinical immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 2 Correspondence: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Molecular Exercise Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden. E-mail: helene.ameln@fyfa.ki.se <h3>SPECIFIC AIMS</h3> We have tested the hypothesis that hypoxia-mediated transcriptional regulatory pathways play a role in adaptation of the human skeletal muscle to exercise. Therefore, we measured protein levels and subcellular localization of the hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) as well as mRNA levels of its target genes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and erythropoietin (EPO) in biopsy specimens from human skeletal muscle before and after 45 min of exercise. To clarify the correlation between the activation of HIF-1 and the reduction of oxygen tension in muscular cells during exercise, we employed
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