Nitric oxide modulates proapoptotic and antiapoptotic properties of chemotherapy agents: the case of NO-pegylated epirubicin Luca Santucci * ,1 , Andrea Mencarelli * , Barbara Renga * , Gianfranco Pasut † , Francesco Veronese † , Antonella Zacheo ‡ , Antonia Germani § and Stefano Fiorucci * * Clinica di Gastroenterologia ed Epatologia, Department Of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; † Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; ‡ Laboratorio di Patologia Vascolare, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy; and § Laboratorio di Biologia Vascolare e Terapia Genica, Centro Cardiologico Fondazione Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy 1 Correspondence: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Via Enrico dal Pozzo, Perugia 06122, Italy. E-mail: lsant@unipg.it <h3>SPECIFIC AIMS</h3> The anthracyclines, such as epirubicin (EPI) and doxorubicin, are chemotherapy agents used to treat breast, liver, and colon cancers, as well as sarcomas and leukemia. Despite their potent antitumor activity, anthracycline-based chemotherapies associates with an increased risk of progressive dilatory congestive heart failure. Cellular mechanisms of EPI-induced myocardial damage involve a mitochondria-dependent apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Polyethylene glycol is a widely used
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