Nitric oxide, a key signaling molecule in the murine early embryonic heart DANIELA MALAN * , 1 , GUAN J. JI † , 1 , ANNETTE SCHMIDT ‡ , KLAUS ADDICKS ‡ , JÜRGEN HESCHELER † , RENZO C. LEVI * , W. BLOCH ‡ and B. K. FLEISCHMANN § ,2 * Department of Animal and Human Biology, INFM University of Turin, Italy; † Institutes of Neurophysiology and ‡ Anatomy, University of Cologne, Germany; and § Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Germany 2 Correspondence: Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Argelanderstr. 2a, D-53115 Bonn. E-mail: bernd.fleischmann@uni-bonn.de <h3>SPECIFIC AIMS</h3> Nitric oxide (NO) is thought to play an important role as a signaling molecule in embryonic and adult cardiomyocytes, but its putative role in muscarinic modulation of I Ca is still unclear. The aim of this work was to analyze the muscarinic modulation of the L-type Ca 2+ current (I Ca ) during embryonic development. This study was motivated by our earlier findings in embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived pacemaker and atrial-like cardiomyocytes, where the involvement of NO in muscarinic signaling was proposed. <h3>PRINCIPAL FINDINGS</h3> 1. Muscarinic receptor activation depresses basal I Ca in early- but not late-stage
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