Th1/Th2 cytokines play a key role in immune responses to Leishmania major by controlling macrophage activation for NO production and parasite killing. MDSCs, including myeloid precursors and immature monocytes, produce NO and suppress T cell responses in tumor immunity. We hypothesized that NO-producing MDSCs could help immunity to L. major infection. Gr1 hi (Ly6C hi ) CD11b hi MDSCs elicited by L. major infection suppressed polyclonal and antigen-specific T cell proliferation. Moreover, L. major -induced MDSCs killed intracellular parasites in a NO-dependent manner and reduced parasite burden in vivo. By contrast, treatment with ATRA, which induces MDSCs to differentiate into macrophages, increased development of lesions, parasite load, and T cell proliferation in draining LNs. Altogether, these results indicate that NO-producing MDSCs help protective immunity to L. major infection, despite suppressed T cell proliferation. ATRA MDSCs monocytes nitric oxide parasites suppression Footnotes B6 mice C57BL/6 mice BM bone marrow CNPq Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico dpi days postinfection hi high int intermediate KO knockout L-NIL L-N6-iminoethyl-lysine Mac-1 macrophage-1 antigen MDSC myeloid-derived suppressor cell neg negative PEC peritoneal exudate cells Treg regulatory T cell UFRJ Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Received November 10, 2010. Revision received August 29, 2011. Accepted August 30, 2011. © 2011 Society for Leukocyte Biology Facebook Google+ LinkedIn Mendeley Reddit StumbleUpon Technorati Twitter What's this? « Previous Table of Contents This Article Published online before print September 20, 2011 , doi: 10.1189/jlb.1110608 December 2011 Journal of Leukocyte Biology vol. 90 no. 6 1191-1197 » Abstract Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: jlb.1110608v1 90/6/1191 most recent Classifications Host Defense & Pathophysiology Services Email this article to a colleague Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Download to citation manager Citing Articles Load citing article information Google Scholar Articles by Pereira, W. F. Articles by Lopes, M. F. PubMed PubMed citation Articles by Pereira, W. F. Articles by Lopes, M. F. Related Content Load related web page information Sharing Email this article to a colleague Facebook Google+ LinkedIn Mendeley Reddit StumbleUpon Technorati Twitter What's this? Current Issue December 2011, 90 (6) From the Cover Editorials: An apple a day keeps colitis away. Editorials: Will the real neutrophil please stand up? Spotlight on leading Edge Research: Apple polyphenols require T cells to ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis and dampen proinflammatory cytokine expression. Spotlight on leading Edge Research: In vivo-transmigrated human neutrophils are resistant to antiapoptotic stimulation. Reviews: Macrophage phagocytosis: effects of environmental pollutants, alcohol, cigarette smoke, and other external factors. Reviews: Tregs and infections: on the potential value of modifying their function. Reviews: The multiple roles of the CD8 coreceptor in T cell biology: opportunities for the selective modulation of self-reactive cytotoxic T cells. Alert me to new issues of Journal of Leukocyte Biology About JLB Submit Manuscripts Instructions for Authors Information for Reviewers Editorial Board Editorial Policies Subscriptions Librarian's Resource Advertising Press Room Copyright Permissions Feedback Join SLB SLB Annual Meeting Copyright © 2011 by the Society for Leukocyte Biology Print ISSN: 0741-5400 Online ISSN: 1938-3673 var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www."); document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-23108860-1"); pageTracker._trackPageview();

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