Chemoattractants are pivotal mediators of host defense, orchestrating the recruitment of immune cells into sites of infection and inflammation. Chemoattractants display vast chemical diversity and include bioactive lipids, proteolytic fragments of serum proteins, and chemokines (chemotactic cytokines). All chemoattractants induce chemotaxis by activating seven-transmembrane-spanning GPCRs expressed on immune cells, establishing the concept that all chemoattractants are related in function. However, although chemoattractants have overlapping functions in vitro, recent in vivo data have revealed that they function, in many cases, nonredundantly in vivo. The chemically diverse nature of chemoattractants contributes to the fine control of leukocyte trafficking in vivo, with sequential chemoattractant use guiding immune cell recruitment into inflammatory sites. Lipid mediators frequently function as initiators of leukocyte recruitment, attracting the first immune cells into tissues. These initial responding immune cells produce cytokines locally, which in turn, induce the local release of chemokines. Local chemokine production then markedly amplifies subsequent waves of leukocyte recruitment. These new discoveries establish a paradigm for leukocyte recruitment in inflammation—described as lipid-cytokine-chemokine cascades—as a driving force in the effector phase of immune responses. mediators chemotaxis cell trafficking/adhesion Footnotes 5-LO 5-lipoxygenase 5-oxo-ETE 5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 12-HHT 12(S)-hydroxyheptadeca-5Z, 8E, 10E-trienoic acid BLT1/2 leukotriene B 4 receptor 1/2 DP1/2 PGD 2 receptor type 1/2 FLS fibroblast-like synoviocyte GPCR G protein-coupled receptor LTA 4 H leukotriene A 4 -hydrolase LTB 4 leukotriene B 4 , Ltb4r1 –/– and Ltb4r1 +/+ =leukotriene B 4 receptor 1-deficient and WT mice, respectively mDC myeloid DC PAF platelet-activating factor PAFR platelet-activating factor′s own seven-transmembrane-spanning receptor PGDS PGD-synthase RA rheumatoid arthritis Received August 9, 2011. Revision received October 8, 2011. Accepted October 11, 2011. © 2012 Society for Leukocyte Biology Facebook Google+ LinkedIn Mendeley Reddit StumbleUpon Technorati Twitter What's this? « Previous | Next Article » Table of Contents This Article Published online before print November 4, 2011 , doi: 10.1189/jlb.0811402 February 2012 Journal of Leukocyte Biology vol. 91 no. 2 207-215 » Abstract Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: jlb.0811402v1 91/2/207 most recent Classifications Reviews Services Email this article to a colleague Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Download to citation manager Citing Articles Load citing article information Google Scholar Articles by Sadik, C. D. Articles by Luster, A. D. PubMed PubMed citation Articles by Sadik, C. D. Articles by Luster, A. D. Related Content Load related web page information Sharing Email this article to a colleague Facebook Google+ LinkedIn Mendeley Reddit StumbleUpon Technorati Twitter What's this? Current Issue February 2012, 91 (2) From the Cover Editorials: Tim-3 puts on the brakes. Editorials: T cell memory, bone marrow, and aging: the good news. Spotlight on Leading Edge Research: Tim-3 regulates pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression in human CD14+ monocytes. Spotlight on Leading Edge Research: The impact of aging on memory T cell phenotype and function in the human bone marrow. Reviews: Lipid-cytokine-chemokine cascades orchestrate leukocyte recruitment in inflammation. Reviews: Non-human primate dendritic cells. Alert me to new issues of Journal of Leukocyte Biology About JLB Submit Manuscripts Instructions for Authors Information for Reviewers Editorial Board Editorial Policies Subscriptions Librarian's Resource Advertising Press Room Copyright Permissions Feedback Join SLB SLB Annual Meeting Copyright © 2012 by the Society for Leukocyte Biology Print ISSN: 0741-5400 Online ISSN: 1938-3673 var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www."); document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-23108860-1"); pageTracker._trackPageview();

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