GPR4 plays a critical role in endothelial cell function and mediates the effects of sphingosylphosphorylcholine Kwan-sik Kim * , 1 , 2 , Juan Ren * , 1 , Ying Jiang * , 1 , Quteba Ebrahem † , Russell Tipps * , Kelly Cristina * , Yi-jin Xiao * , Jing Qiao ‡ , Kevin L. Taylor § , Hazel Lum ‡ , Bela Anand-Apte † and Yan Xu * ,|| ,3 * Department of Cancer Biology, The Lerner Research Institute and † Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; ‡ Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA; § Center for Drug Development and Discovery, Taussig Cancer Center, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; and || Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 3 Correspondence: Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland OH 44195, USA. E-mail: xuy@ccf.org <h3>SPECIFIC AIMS</h3> We tested the in vivo angiogenic activity of sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) and determined the role of GPR4 in endothelial cells (EC). We found that 1) GPR4 is the major receptor mediating the angiogenic effects of
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