Functional recovery of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in modeled microgravity Barry W. Ritz * ,1 , Peter I. Lelkes † and Elizabeth M. Gardner * * Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; and † Department of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 1 Correspondence: Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St., 210 Stratton Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. E-mail: bwr24@drexel.edu <h3>SPECIFIC AIMS</h3> Immune function is suppressed in space flight, demonstrated by reduced mitogen-stimulated proliferation of postflight astronaut peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Although less consistent, the production of interleukin (IL) -2 and interferon (IFN) -α/ß and -γ by stimulated T cells also appear to be reduced. Astronauts regain immune function 3 days upon return to Earth, but this recovery has not been clearly demonstrated after exposure of PBMCs to modeled microgravity (MMG). PBMCs cultured for 48 h in MMG using the high aspect ratio vessel (HARV), a type of rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor, were subsequently recovered in stationary ground conditions for up to 120 h. Specific aims were to characterize the recovery of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) -stimulated proliferation and functional cytokine production after exposure to MMG. <h3>PRINCIPAL
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