<h5>Introduction</h5> Addiction can be defined as the continued use of mood-altering addicting substances or behaviors (e.g., gambling, compulsive sexual behaviors) despite adverse consequences. We have learned that alcoholism is a primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. It is characterized by continuous or periodic impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. 1 This is a definition forwarded in JAMA in 1992, and includes the thinking of the American Society of Addiction Medicine and the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependencies. Since that time, continued exploration of the nature of addiction includes other mood-altering substances aside from alcohol, as well as a number of highly reinforcing behaviors.</P>The common pathways in reward circuitry that affect memory and learning, motivation, control, and decision making are also involved in the addictive process. With the more global understanding of addiction come more treatment strategies, such as meditation and mindfulness training, psychosocial interventions, and pharmacologic approaches. Interestingly, our growing understanding of addiction as a disease has not diminished the value of the spiritually driven approaches, such as 12-step-oriented treatments, that are outlined
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The Disease of Addiction: Origins, Treatment, and Recovery
Angres, Daniel H.; Bettinardi–Angres, Kathy
Follow Disease-a-Month
, Volume 54 (10)
Elsevier – Oct 1, 2008
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