“There are few diseases to which the human body is liable, more painful, and distressing to bear, than that which forms the subject of the following pages; or one which, at the same time, I regret to add, is more common, yet less generally understood.”</P>Frederick Salmon, F.R.C.S.</P>Practical Observations on Prolapsus of the Rectum</P>Chapter 1. Introductory remarks, 1831 1,2 </P>Rectal prolapse (RP) or procidentia is the descent of the upper part of the rectum, in its whole thickness, or all its coats, through the anus. 3 Instantly recognized by its characteristic circular folds ( Fig 1 ), it is a condition that has been known since antiquity ( Fig 2 ). </P>Tending to occur at the extremes of age, it is associated with both anatomic and pathologic predisposing factors. RP in children often is self-limited. In refractory pediatric cases and in adults, RP is amenable to surgical correction. However, although many operations for RP have been reported, no single method so far has met with so much success as to supersede all others. This monograph will examine RP focusing on theories regarding its etiology and on some of the operations that have been applied to its treatment.</P>In 2005, Kairaluoma
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