Highlights ► Sirtuins are NAD + -dependent histone deacetylases. ► SIRT1 is the best characterized sirtuin expressed in neurons. ► SIRT1 is protective against acute and chronic neurological diseases. ► Deacetylation on histone and non-histone targets contributes to the protective effects of SIRT1. ► The activity of SIRT1 is adjustable, making it a neuroprotective target.
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