<h5>Introduction</h5> Results from numerous epidemiologic and cross-sectional studies over the past few decades indicate that diabetes mellitus (DM, both type 1 and 2) increases the prevalence, incidence, and severity of periodontitis, 1-6 suggesting that diabetes predisposes subjects to periodontitis. In fact, periodontitis is now recognized as the sixth most common complication of diabetes. 7 Although the data are at times conflicting, several studies have shown that treatment of periodontitis results in an improved glycemic control in subjects who have DM. 8-12 Thus, these data suggest that periodontitis exacerbates diabetes and a “bidirectional relationship” exists between periodontitis and DM. 13 However, the mechanisms that explain this two-way relationship, especially the direct effect of periodontitis on DM condition, are not yet well understood.</P>Interestingly, results from several cross-sectional studies also suggest an association between the severity of diabetic end-organ complications and the presence of periodontitis. This article will briefly review the current understanding of the association between periodontitis and T1 and T2DM, and the possible effect of periodontitis on glycemic control and organ damage with the goal of promoting collaborative work between physicians and dentists in managing DM subjects with periodontal disease.</P><h5>Type 1 Diabetes and Periodontitis</h5> Although the results from some
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