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number of times a hydrogen atom recombines during the EoR Rmfp is the mean free path of ionizing photons within the ionized regions, regulated by the existence of unresolved damped Ly α systems . Tvir ...
plasma at early times , until the temperature falls below the binding energy between the two oppositely charged particles, at which point neutral dark atoms form in a process reminiscent to cosmological ...
a synthetic template based on model stellar atmospheres, knowledge of atomic line locations, and other such considerations, or a high signal-to- noise ratio (SNR) spectrum derived from real observations (e.g ...
, Leclère et al., 2018, Llana-Fúnez et al., 2012). Strain gauges permit the monitoring of sample deformation and thus of dehydration- induced volume changes at the bulk sample scale. Time -resolved measurements ...
-resolution data using synchrotron X-ray sources. Nanocrystals with large unit-cell size and low symmetry exacerbate this problem. The interaction of electrons with atoms is 103 ∼ 104 times stronger than ...
two residue positions i and j; it measures the correlation that i and j would have if they were only connected by Jij, cf. figure 2A. To measure the indirect correlation between i and j induced via ...
a significant efficiency barrier in the high optical depth, diffusion regime. Multiple acceleration schemes have been developed to improve the efficiency of MCRT but the noise from photon packet discretization ...
two contests, 1 and 2. An agent of ability a entering Contest i ∈ {1, 2} has measured performance yi(a), where: yi=a+εi. The random variable (RV) εi represents noise in performance measurement. Its ...
area of the detector per unit time [39]. Assuming unit magnification, and a perfect imaging system , the image wave is then an identical copy of the object wave, Eq. (3) so the recorded intensity ...
centre, and differentiate it twice to obtain the time -dependent but spatially uniform acceleration field associated with this non-inertial frame. We then turn to simulating the Sgr system over the same ...
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