The objective of the study was to compare the effects of essential vs long-chain omega (n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in polycystic ovary syndrome. In this 6-week, prospective, double-blinded, placebo (soybean oil)-controlled study, 51 completers received 3.5 g n-3 PUFA per day (essential PUFA from flaxseed oil or long-chain PUFA from fish oil). Anthropometric variables, cardiovascular risk factors, and androgens were measured; oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and frequently sampled intravenous GTT (IVGTT) were conducted at baseline and 6 weeks. Between-group comparisons showed significant differences in serum triglyceride response ( P = .0368), whereas the changes in disposition index also tended to differ ( P = .0621). When within-group changes (after vs before intervention) were considered, fish oil and flaxseed oil lowered serum triglyceride ( P = .0154 and P = .0176, respectively). Fish oil increased glucose at 120 minutes of OGTT ( P = .0355), decreased the Matsuda index ( P = .0378), and tended to decrease acute insulin response during IVGTT ( P = .0871). Soybean oil increased glucose at 30 ( P = .0030) and 60 minutes ( P = .0121) and AUC for glucose ( P = .0122) during OGTT, tended to decrease acute insulin response during IVGTT ( P = .0848), reduced testosterone ( P = .0216), and tended to reduce sex hormone–binding globulin ( P = .0858). Fasting glucose, insulin, adiponectin, leptin, or high-sensitivity C-reactive protein did not change with any intervention. Long-chain vs essential n-3 PUFA–rich oils have distinct metabolic and endocrine effects in polycystic ovary syndrome; and therefore, they should not be used interchangeably.
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Metabolic and endocrine effects of long-chain versus essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in polycystic ovary syndrome
Vargas, M. Luisa; Almario, Rogelio U.; Buchan, Wendy; Kim, Kyoungmi; Karakas, Sidika E.
Follow Metabolism
, Volume 60 (12)
Elsevier – Dec 1, 2011
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