Renewable
and
Sustainable
Energy
Reviews
15 (2011) 3445–
3453
Contents
lists
available
at
ScienceDirect
Renewable
and
Sustainable
Energy
Reviews
j
ourna
l
h
o
mepage:
www.elsevier.com/locate/rser
Life
cycle
assessment
of
sugar
industry:
A
review
Manish
Kumar
Chauhan
∗
, Varun, Sachin
Chaudhary, Suneel
Kumar, Samar
Department
of
Mechanical
Engineering,
National
Institute
of
Technology,
Hamirpur,
H.P.,
India
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
i
n
f
o
Article
history:
Received
9
February
2011
Accepted
7
April
2011
Keywords:
Life
cycle
assessment
Sugar
industry
Cogeneration
Distillery
Waste
management
Biomass
a
b
s
t
r
a
c
t
Life
cycle
assessment
(LCA)
is
a
very
important
tool
for
the
analysis
of
a
process/system
from
its
cradle
to
grave.
This
technique
is
very
useful
in
the
estimation
of
energy
usage
and
environmental
load
by
a
product/system.
The
demand
of
sugar
is
very
high
in
the
world
market.
So
sugar
industry
is
the
leading
industry,
which
produces
sugar
with
the
help
of
sugarcane
mostly.
In
sugar
industry,
different
sizes
of
sugar
crystals
and
also
some
by-products
such
as
bagasse,
molasses,
filter
cake
and
ash
are
produced.
Out
of
these,
some
are
used
an
input
resource
in
other
plants
like
power
plant
and
distillery
for
optimal
utilization
of
waste
produced
in
sugar
industry.
The
outputs
of
power
plant
(electricity
and
steam)
used
in
mills,
distilleries,
residences
of
sugar
industry
and
supply
to
grid
for
sell.
The
molasses
is
the
waste
of
sugar
which
is
used
for
the
production
of
ethanol,
so
molasses
is
a
by-product
of
sugar
industry.
LCA
and
waste
management
methods
are
very
helpful
to
analyse
and
reduce
the
environmental
effects.
© 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1.
Introduction
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. 3445
2.
Life
cycle
assessment
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. 3447
2.1.
Types.
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. 3447
3.
Sugar
producing
materials
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. 3448
4.
Sugar
industry.
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. 3448
4.1.
Sugar
mill
processes
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. 3448
4.1.1.
Sugar
milling
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. 3448
4.1.2.
Juice
clarification
and
treatment
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. 3448
4.1.3.
Crystallization
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. 3448
4.1.4.
Centrifugal
separation
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. 3448
5.
LCA
of
sugar
industry
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. 3449
6.
LCA
of
by-products
of
sugar
industry
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. 3451
6.1.
Bagasse
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. 3451
6.2.
Molasses
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. 3451
6.3.
Wastes
of
sugar
industry
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. 3452
7.
Conclusions
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. 3452
References
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. 3452
1.
Introduction
The
industrial
sector
is
playing
a
vital
role
in
the
world
econ-
omy.
Industry
accounts
for
more
than
one-third
of
all
the
types
of
energy
used
in
the
world.
Industries
have
a
variety
of
highly
energy-intensive
systems,
i.e.
steam,
process
heating,
and
motor-
driven
equipments
such
as
air
compressor,
pumps
and
fans
in
the
∗
Corresponding
author.
Tel.:
+91
988
254
4532.
E-mail
address:
manishku.25@gmail.com
(M.K.
Chauhan).
industry.
Industries
have
a
lot
of
mobile
and
high
power
consump-
tion
parts
which
have
several
impacts
on
the
environment.
Thus
electricity
and
energy
demands
are
very
high
in
the
market.
Most
of
the
energy
that
industry
utilizes
is
supplied
from
conventional
elec-
tricity
generation
system
(coal,
oil,
and
gas)
[1].
So
the
reduction
of
electricity
consumption
and
impacts
on
the
environment
are
very
essential.
There
are
different
ways
and
techniques
to
solve
these
problems
such
as
life
cycle
assessment
(LCA)
and
optimization
of
industry.
These
techniques
include
maximization
of
output
with
same
inputs,
minimization
of
the
cost
used,
reduction
in
material
handling,
and
transportation,
use
of
pollution
control
equipments,
1364-0321/$
–
see
front
matter ©
2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.rser.2011.04.033