A diet rich in omega-3s has previously been suggested to prevent bone loss. However, evidence for this has been limited by short exposure to omega-3 fatty acids (FAs). We investigated whether a diet enriched in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for the entire adult life of mice could improve bone microstructure and strength. Thirty female mice received a diet enriched in DHA or EPA or an isocaloric control diet from 3 to 17 months of age. Changes in bone microstructure were analyzed longitudinally and biomechanical properties were analysed by a three-point bending test. Bone remodelling was evaluated by markers of bone turnover and histomorphometry. Trabecular bone volume in caudal vertebrae was improved by EPA or DHA at 8 months (+26.6% and +17.2%, respectively, compared to +3.8% in controls, P =.01), but not thereafter. Trabecular bone loss in the tibia was not prevented by omega-3 FAs (BV/TV −94%, −93% and −97% in EPA, DHA and controls, respectively). EPA improved femur cortical bone volume (+8.1%, P <.05) and thickness (+4.4%, P <.05) compared to controls. EPA, but not DHA, reduced age-related decline of osteocalcin (−70% vs. −83% in controls, P <.05). EPA and DHA increased leptin levels (7.3±0.7 and 8.5±0.5 ng ml −1 , respectively, compared to 4.5±0.9 ng ml −1 in controls, P =.001); however, only EPA further increased IGF-1 levels (739±108 ng ml −1 , compared to 417±58 ng ml −1 in controls, P =.04). These data suggest that long-term intake of omega-3 FA, particularly EPA, may modestly improve the structural and mechanical properties of cortical bone by an increase in leptin and IGF-1 levels, without affecting trabecular bone loss.
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Effects of long-term supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids on longitudinal changes in bone mass and microstructure in mice
Bonnet, Nicolas; Ferrari, Serge L.
Follow The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry
, Volume 22 (7)
Elsevier – Jul 1, 2011
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