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the rats to a cue (e.g., a light ) that once predicted shock without delivering shock, which gradually decreases startle reactivity . The present studies were designed to determine how nicotine exposure ...
of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Cardiovascular Disease, and Metabolic Disease A substantial literature documents a potential relationship between PTSD and increased cardiovascular reactivity to trauma- related cues ...
exposure directly and/or the smoking- related cues among alcoholics initiating recovery. However, concluding that ALL nicotine use/exposure is negative may be premature; particularly in light of data ...
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