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cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway (32), thought to suppress peripheral inflammatory responses, TNF-α expression, and ischemia-reperfusion injury by activating cholinergic receptors on tissue macrophages ...
that ROS-induced activation of the stress- activated protein kinase/c-jun-N-terminal kinase (SAPK/ JNK ) pathway plays a key role in the pathogenesis of cognitive deficits induced by DA. However, the precise ...
and infiltration of activated eosinophils is arbitrated by the CCR3 receptor92 (Fig. 1). The CCR3 receptor has been characterized as a heteromeric G-protein coupled receptor and, in conjunction with the chemokine ...
. Muscle is largely self-sufficient because it expresses receptors , signaling pathways, and effectors to regulate its own size. Prolonged activation of NFκB and NOS2 have emerged as detrimental facets ...
signaling pathways activated by muscarinic receptors have been the focus of current research for several reasons. First, loss of cholinergic transmission is one of the hallmarks of neurodegeneration observed ...
. Mature neurotrophins may preferentially promote survival signaling through coactivation of tyrosine receptor -kinase (Trk) receptors and induction of p75NTR-coupled mechanisms supportive of Trk functions ...
), acetylcholine transferase (ChAT), acetylcholine esterase (AchE), and cholinergic receptors (8–11), are important to cognitive function. Among them, Ach is one of the major neurotransmitters and widely distributed ...
-3, respectively. Activation of cholinergic muscarinic receptors increases serine-phosphorylation of GSK-3. (B) The acetylation of GSK-3 is mediated by histone acetyltransferase, which is reversed ...
Abstract Tissue kallikrein cleaves kininogens to release kinins. Kinins mediate inflammation by activating constitutive bradykinin receptor -2 (BR2), which are rapidly desensitized, and induced ...
receptor of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) that displays widespread anti-inflammatory reactions and the immune-modulatory response to maintain immune homeostasis. Moreover, Viedt et al. [11 ...
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