Hispanic American Historical Review 82:4 Copyright 2002 by Duke University Press in return for iron hatchets and ï¬sh hooks. For a short time (1537 â 55), Spanish men averaged ten women each. This gave them access to the labor of the women and their male relatives, as the womenâs fathers and brothers were traditionally obligated to âhelpâ their sons-in-law and brothers-in-law. But relations were not always peaceful. Many problems resulted from a lack of understanding of each otherâs culture and miscommunication. The Aracaré, for example, stopped serving the Spanish. The Spanish interpreted this action as rebellion and hanged two brothers. But from the native perspective, they were no longer obliged to serve because the Spanish had not reciprocated with the accustomed and anticipated largesse. The Spanish violated the gift-counter-gift ethic and imposed an asymmetrical system that was insulting to the natives. Such tales of cultural insensitivities make this chapter superb. Garavaglia further documents the imposition of the more familiar colonial institutions: the encomienda, reducción, Franciscan and Jesuit missions, yanaconazgo, enganche, and the indigenous reactions to these, which ranged from initial acceptance and complaisance to uprisings, rebellions, and ï¬ight. In the process, he mentions such indigenous leaders as Juan
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Reyita: The Life of a Black Cuban Woman in the Twentieth Century
Pino, Julio Cesar
Follow Hispanic American Historical Review
, Volume 82 (4)
Duke University Press – Nov 1, 2002
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