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In Talk Is Cheap, Haiman explores various ways in which speaker-meaning and sentence-meaning (to use Gricean language) pull apart. Displacement, detachment, autonomy, insincerity, grammaticalization, alienation, un-plain speaking, ritual language, and arbitrariness are overlapping (but, of course, nonsynonymous) concepts employed in this book. The metamessage in these forms of discourse is âI donât mean thisâ or âI donât mean exactly thisâ. In the postscript Haiman writes, âAlthough I believe that much of what I have just said here is possibly true, I am not so naive or pompous as to mistake this book for any variety of hard science, soft science, or social science. It is an idiosyncratic personal essayâ (191). Haiman discusses various speech modes which involve not only such detachment but the speakersâ and hearersâ awareness of this detachment. Chapter 1 deals with sarcasm, which has become extremely common among young Americans and is much the norm in television and ï¬lm. Chapter 2, âSarcasm and Its Neighbors,â provides a taxonomy and deï¬nitions of put-ons, irony, lies, parody, caricature, affectional insults, and the GUILTATIVE mode. Since all but the last are familiar, I will mention only the last. In the guiltative, the metamessage âis not produced by the
American Speech: A Quarterly of Linguistic Usage – Duke University Press
Published: Mar 1, 2001
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