The typical pathological feature of atherosclerosis is inflammation. In the last years, it has become evident that inhibition of inflammation is one important therapeutic option in atherosclerosis. Recently, sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) was identified as a crucial molecule with potent anti-inflammatory properties. Indeed, S1P activates various G protein-coupled receptors, namely S1P1–S1P5. In the vasculature, mainly S1P1–3 receptors are present. FTY720, after phosphorylation to FTY720-P, is an orally active S1P mimetic. FTY720 has been developed for therapy in the field of autoimmune diseases and organ transplantation. In analogy to S1P, FTY720 shows potent anti-inflammatory effects and several groups have tested the in vivo effects of FTY720 on the progression of inflammatory vascular diseases. They could show that S1P receptor activation might lead to a partial inhibition of the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. S1P receptor activation therefore might be a concept for anti-inflammatory drug treatment. However, it is not clear how S1P and FTY720 exactly act on vascular inflammation. This review article gives a brief overview over the known actions of S1P in vascular inflammatory disease.
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Relevance and potential of sphingosine-1-phosphate in vascular inflammatory disease
van der Giet, Markus; Tölle, Markus; Kleuser, Burkhard
Follow Biological Chemistry
, Volume 389 (11)
de Gruyter – Nov 1, 2008
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