Operational mathematical programming models can be quite complex, requiring considerable expertise in operations research, computer techniques, and data management. While it is true that many managers and public or corporate policy makers possess these requisite skills, many more decision-makers must rely on modelers to build, maintain, and interpret their management information systems. Either of these situations can be costly in terms of time and money. 2 Dealing with a modeling/processing group can represent lengthy turnaround; running a model himself will detract a manager from other duties.
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