This paper deals with the B2B interoperability in the sense of open systems and available component and framework standards. Special attention is given to the common reference framework for B2B interactions at the middleware level. Some relevant frameworks at the content and business layers are also described. Finally, concluding remarks emphasize future directions in the area of B2B interoperability. Many of the highlighted issues may also be used in other e-applications and in heterogeneous distributed systems in general.
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