Commentary 25 Fostering worthwhile student collaboration poses subtle problems. Supporting the Reader as User: A commentary on Guzdial's "Supporting learners as users" Hans van der Meij Twente University Enschede, the Netherlands meij@edte.utwente.nl Guzdial introduces several important ideas of the constructivist approaches to education in his paper. In addition, he advances some of his own solutions, which aim to keep production cost low and while increasing effectiveness. I will review three core issues of the paper, namely the concept of learner.asuser, minimalism and GOMS, and Guzdial's approach to creating optimal support for the learner-as-user. Learner-as-user A core concept of the paper is the notion of the learner-as-user, which is contrasted with the learneras-learner and the expert-as-user. The concept of learner-as-user is important. I was also con~sed by the way in which Guzdial portrays his learner-as-user. My confusion partly derived from an important change in perspective. I resolved the conceptual problem after creating the table below. In this table a plus sign simply stands for knowledgeable, a minus sign for notknowledgeable (hence learner)-a rather crude typology, of course, but sufficient as an illustration: Table 1 illustrates that there are four possible comTable 1. The expertise matrix Domain 1 2 3
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