Self-Assembling Sweep-and-Sleep Sensor Systems K. J. Kwak Y. M. Baryshnikov Electrical Engineering Dept. Bell Labs 600 Mountain Ave. Columbia University Murray Hill, NJ 07974 New York, NY 10027 ymb@research.bell-labs.com kjkwak@ee.columbia.edu E. G. Coffman Electrical Engineering Dept. Columbia University New York, NY 10027 egc@ee.columbia.edu ABSTRACT This paper describes a self-assembling sleep-wake sensor system that is scalable, easily implemented, and energy conserving. Sensors actively detecting events form wave fronts that sweep the sensor eld. An application of concepts from cellular automata theory accounts for much of its novelty. The system has additional, highly desirable properties such as a self-healing capability, fault tolerance, asynchronous operation, seamless accommodation of obstacles in the sensor eld, and it is highly e ective even in the case of intelligent intruders, i.e., those who know sensor design and sensor locations. System performance is a focus of the paper, and, as in the study of the emergent behavior of cellular automata, an instructive example of experimental mathematics. Related open questions in mathematical performance analysis are reviewed. every k clock cycles, staying awake sensing its environment and listening to its neighbors until it hears from a neighbor (any sensor within communication range) that itself has just gone to
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