Commentary 16 Second Commentary on Haramundanis Deborah Beardslee, Rochester Institute of Technology The following commentary responds to Katherine Haramundanis's thoughts on icon development and use. Several key points in her article "Why Icons Cannot Stand Alone" are elaborated on--particularly issues surrounding the clarity and usability of on-screen icons. These issues include the consideration of context, information organization, systems approaches to form and language selection, and the use of evaluation methods. In all of tbese areas designers need to take advantage not just of words coupled witb icons but of tbe many powerful visual tools that they can use to communicate meaning. The Consideration of Context Whether an icon is to be supported by explanatory text or labels is certainly an important question. However, an icon first must be thoughtfully planned, designed, and evaluated as an independent entity if it is to function well (that is, be easy to interpret, use, and recall). An icon that is ambiguous, complex, or disconnected from its surroundings may be difficult to use regardless of how much language accompanies it. Most importantly, icon designers must consider the context surrounding an icon, in other words, the other visual and verbal elements sharing the screen
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