modalities . The objective o f the project is to develo p interface technology that use s the media/modalitie s intelligently in a flexible , context-sensitive, and highl y integrated manner . As par t of the project, a knowledge-based interfac e system is being developed as a prototype proof-of-concep t for this intelligen t multi-media interfac e technology . The applicatio n domain being used to driv e the research in a militar y tactical air control domain . 10)Graphics and Natura l Language as Component s of Automatic Explanatio n Steven F . Roth, Joe Mattis , and Xavier Mesnard . Carnegie Mellon Universit y Abstract : This paper present s an approach for automaticall y creating explanations o f changes in the result s generated by quantitativ e modeling systems . Thes e explanations combine bot h text and graphics, an d therefore serve as a vehicl e for exploring the interactio n between these two modes o f presentation . The approac h integrates research from thre e different areas . Relevan t content for explanations i s determined using extension s of previous work o n comparative analysis o f financial models . Discours e planning is performed b y applying techniques o f rhetorical modeling to th e analysis of explanator y dialogues . Graphica l presentation is accomplishe d by extending prior work o n automatically designin g displays for quantitative data . Finally, this paper presents a n approach to coordinatin g textual and graphica l presentations . 11)An Architecture fo r Knowledge-Base d Graphical Interfaces Steven Feiner Columbi a Universit y Abstract : A strawma n conceptual architecture i s proposed for knowledge-base d systems that design their ow n graphical interfaces . Th e architecture is conceived o f partly as an elaboration o f the Seeheim model for use r interfaces, but differs from i t in several fundamental ways . The Seeheim model describe s a class of fully realized , modular interfaces, withou t addressing how the interfac e itself is created . In contrast , we make explicit provisio n for an initial phase in whic h the system creates its use r interface . Applicatio n domain-specific knowledge i s used to influence interfac e design and to determine bot h the content and style of th e information presented . Unlike the Seeheim model, w e also suggest that medi a independence is not desirabl e in the architecture's earl y stages . Two testbed systems that w e have developed are discusse d in terms of the propose d architecture . APEX design s and renders sequences o f pictures that illustrate how t o perform simple actions in a world of objects . GRIDS lay s out displays containing tex t and pictures with which it i s provided . Each emphasize s different components of th e architecture . 12)Search Architectures fo r the Automatic Design o f Graphical Presentation s Jock Mackinlay . Xero x PAR C Abstract : One of th e responsibilities of a n intelligent interface is t o design presentations o f application information . A n effective approach to thi s problem is to automaticall y search a space of possibl e designs . Since these design spaces are often large an d complex, an important issue i s how to control the search . This paper describes th e search architecture used b y the APT system for th e automatic design of graphica l presentations of relationa l information and discusse s how it might be modified t o handle more difficult desig n spaces . 13)General User Modelling : A Facility to Support Intelligent Interactio n Robert Kass and Ti m Finin . University o f Pennsylvani a Abstract : An importan t component of adaptabl e interactive systems is th e ability to model the system' s users . Previous systems hav e relied on user models tailore d to the particular needs of tha t system alone . This pape r presents the notion of a general user model, an d describes some of ou r research on building a genera l user modelling facility tha t could be used by a variety o f applications . This wor k focuses on the representation , maintenance, and acquisitio n issues of modelling long-ter m beliefs of the user, an d describes a general facilit y for accomplishing these tasks . 14)Using Classification an d Separation to Buil d Intelligent Interface s Pedro Szekely . Carnegi e Mellon Universit y Abstract: The construction o f intelligent interfaces can b e greatly facilitated b y classifying the informatio n that users and program s communicate, and b y separating the user interfac e from the functionality of a program . This paper present s a scheme for classifying thi s information, and show how , by structuring the interfac e around this scheme, the use r SIGCHI Bulletin July 1988 Volume 20 Number 1

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