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Journals ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) Volume 28 Issue 1

Operating Systems RAPHAEL A. FINKEL University of Kentucky, Lexington raphael@cs.engr.uky.edu WHAT IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM? An operating system is the set of programs that control a computer. Many books on operating systems describe operating systems concepts [Deitel 1992; Finkel 1988; Krakowiak 1988; Lane and Mooney 1988; Milenkovic 1992; Silberschatz and Galvin 1994; Stallings 1992; Tanenbaum 1992] and specific operating systems [Kenah and Bate 1994; Leffler et al. 1989]. Operating system software includes several levels: kernel services, library services, and application-level services. Applications are run by processes, programs linked together with libraries, that are running on the computer. The kernel supports the processes by providing them the resources they need. It responds to service calls from the processes and interrupts from the devices. Operating systems accomplish three major goals. They hide details of hardware by creating abstractions; they manage resources; and they provide a pleasant user interface. Abstractions. An abstraction is software (often implemented as a subroutine or a library of subroutines) that hides lower-level details and provides a set of higher-level functions. Programs that use the abstraction can safely ignore the lower-level (physical) details; they need deal only with the higherlevel (virtual) structures. Abstraction is used to standardize

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Operating systems

Finkel, Raphel A.
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) , Volume 28 (1)
Association for Computing Machinery – Mar 1, 1996

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