Manual Control with Delays: A Bibliography Gilbert L. Ricard Delayed visual feedback has long been known to effect the control input human beings make when they are an integral part of a system. The loss of time between system input and output forces human controllers to change how they maintain a desired system state. These changes have been documented, as have various schemes to compensate for a delay. These developments span work on human tracking and the control of movement, vehicle simulation (especially aircraft simulation for flight training), robotics for manufacturing and space exploration, and current work on virtual reality displays. The bibliography contains references to papers on human control of closed-loop systems with delayed feedback and on software compensation schemes for delays. Human input to systems where visual feedback about the results of the input is delayed has long been a topic of interest as the delay is an analog for the many ways time can be lost in the real world. These losses may be the time needed for communications to travel vast distances or they may come from the time expended on the calculations needed to define the response of a system and to display
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