Introduction The emergence of the Internet, and in particular the World Wide Web, as a tool of the common citizenry and corporations throughout the United States and much of the world has challenged courts in the U.S. and elsewhere to address the specific, and sometimes unique, aspects of the extensive, electronically-connected virtual world that is cyberspace. Courts initially seemed baffled as to how traditionally territorially-based principles of jurisdiction could be applied to a such a continuous network, seemingly without bounds.Over time, however, the courts of this country increasingly have applied the time-proven principles of real-world jurisdiction to the virtual realm of the Internet with substantial success. In fact, some have begun to argue that, with the perspective of ten years of evolving jurisprudence in this area, the two worlds no longer seem so disconnected. In most cases, a careful evaluation of virtual facts has led to a fair result that is in line with the traditional application of jurisdiction to real-world situations.Nevertheless, with respect to some fact scenarios, reasonable and predictable jurisdictional bounds have yet to be established in this seemingly boundless realm. Today, the area of greatest uncertainty exists with regard to international boundaries. It can fairly
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