Commentary 27 Expertise, Examples, Explanations, and Encoding by T. R. Girill, Editor-in-Chief National Energy Research Supercomputer Center Introduction Many have studied the readability problem. They have asked what features of a text-especially small-scale features such as sentence structure or vocabulary-promote recall and retention of the facts discussed. Richard Mayer's paper (Mayer, 1985) sets itself a more ambitious task. It looks at large-scale text features (such as descriptive or explanative structure) and at "far transfer" rather than near transfer reader behavior. Mayer himself describes the focus of his work as "the creative reading problem," the problem of identifying "which characteristics of the passage and the learner are related to'creative problem-solving performance" (Mayer, p. 66). His paper remains important a decade after it first appeared not only because it draws our attention to the key features by which readers learn creatively from science prose, but also because, as we shall see, it draws attention to key issues regarding the very nature of personal expertise. Mayer'$ Analysis To build his case Mayer advances four claims: (1) A threefold definition of explanative text. Explanative, as opposed to descriptive, text (a) "expresses a functional relationship," (b) provides an explanation of that relationship, and
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Expertise, examples, explanations, and encoding
Girill, T. R.
Follow ACM SIGDOC Asterisk Journal of Computer Documentation
, Volume 19 (3)
Association for Computing Machinery – Aug 1, 1995
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