January SIGCHI BULLETIN Volume 14,3 ENLISTING USER HELP IN SOFTWARE DESIGN Larry Tesler Personal Office Systems Division Apple Computer, Inc. I. HISTORY I first got into the area of user-friendly software around 1963, when I helped to develop a graphics language for art students. The job of the art students was to design card stunts for half-time shows at college football games. Our graphics language allowed them to encode their design in numeric terms. We fed their descriptions to a computer program which then prepared an instruction card for each seat in the rooting section. During the project, I learned to appreciate that right-brain artists think differently from left-brain computer scientists. It was necessary to understand their thought processes in order to design a usable graphics language. The next time that I got really involved in this area was at Xerox PARC from 1973 to 1975. We were trying to develop an office automation system based on personal workstations such as the Xerox Alto computer. We were very excited about the possibilities of large displays with a mouse as a pointing device. Our initial user interface ideas were adopted from the NLS system developed at SRI International. (NLS
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