Computers and Society 4. Grow by chunking. Begin with a simple system that works. Take time to let each part test itself against others. Create complexity by assembling it incrementally from simple modules that can operate independently. 5. Maximize the fringes. Look in the hidden corners, the moments of chaos, the isolated clusters for the hints of future innovations. 6. Honor your errors. Learn from them. Evolution can be described as systematic error management. 7. Pursue no optima; have multiple goals. Rather than striving to optimize any one (much less several) function, complex systems survive only making lots of functions work just "good enough." 8. Seek persistent disequilibrium. Operate at the edge of stability. Think like a skier. Standing still is just as bad as a tumbling fall. 9. Change changes itself. Complex systems are kept alive by adapting, by having mechanisms to deal with change and to go one level higher, to change how changes are made. If Kelly is right, only version 1 of the world was created in six days. Page 39 September 1995 Technology a n d the Future, S i x t h Edition E d i t e d by Albert H.
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