are covered in the "Image understanding" article. The article "Literature, AI" says nothing about the vision literature (except for an incidental m e n t i o n under "Cognitive sciences" (!) on p. 532). In short, the vision articles in the Encyclopedia are generally quite good, but their authors w e r e constrained by a list of topics that they didn't create, and the overall orgainzation leaves much to be desired. I hope the coverage of the other parts of AI is better organized. gineers should find this text a g o o d reference for their libraries. Automated Reasoning: 33 Basic Research Problems Larry Wos Prentice Hall 1988 Reviewed by: A n t h o n y Preston Computer Sciences Corporation M o o r e s t o w n , New Jersey This book covers a basic o v e r v i e w of the a u t o m a t i n of reasoning, test problems and as the title says 33 basic problems relating to research in a u t o m a t e d reasoning. It gave clear examples of problems and obstacles. The intended audience of the b o o k is the new researcher, s o m e one looking for a direction as to h o w to proceed in the area of automation of reasoning. Chapter one starts the b o o k out with an o v e r v i e w of the book and automatic reasoning programs. Not only does the author point you to a Journal, he also supplies sources for programs and a plug for another of his books. The author has a c o m p a n i o n book, "Automated Reasoning: Introduction and Application" also published by Prentice Hall. I haven't seen this book; but if this one is any i n dication of the type of w o r k done by this author, I will be looking for it. The author does state that the difficulty of solving these problems is equal in difficulty to a Ph.D. thesis. I have to agree that m o s t of the problems are v e r y difficult. Chapter t w o a t t e m p t to focus the researcher to particular problems and to limit the a t t e m p t to solve all the world's problems with one program. Chapter three lists each research problem giving a short description of the problems. The p r o b l e m s are grouped into the catagories of Strategy, Inference Rules, Demodulation, Subsumption, Knowledge Representation, Logic Programming, Self Analysis, and others. This c h a p ter is kind of a p r e v i e w of the problems used to setup the next chapter. Chapter four gives a good r e v i e w of the basic e l e ments of A u t o m a t e d Reasoning with some examples. This chapter is the kind of text that really is of use to s o m e o n e like myself w h o is a relative novice in this area. This chapter gives the reader a good start with plenty of references to continue their education. Chapter five goes into the 33 research p r o b l e m s in m o r e detail than chapter three. Each problem is given about a page to describe the details more fully. Chapter six discusses w a y s to test y o u r solutions t o the problems and m e t h o d s of d e v e l o p i n g experiments. This chapter gives you some test cases to try again y o u r efforts. In general, I liked the author's m e t h o d of presenting the material. I w o u l d have liked to see a little m o r e variety in the level of difficulty of the problems. This b o o k points a researcher to o t h e r sources of i n f o r m a t i o n to go with the problems. I w o u l d r e c o m m e n d this t e x t to a n y o n e looking for research problems. BUILDING EXPERT SYSTEMS: COGNITIVE EMULATION Philip E. Slatter Ellis Horwood Limited ISBN: 0-7458-0065-3, $39.00 Reviewed by:Chris Westphal The BDM Corporation 7915 Jones Branch Drive McLean, Virginia 22102 Building Expert Systems: Cognitive Emulation provides a g o o d thorough o v e r v i e w of cognitive emulation and its relation to knowledge engineering techniques, Cognitive e m u l a t i o n as defined by Slatter refers to the strategg of expert system design that attempts to emulate human thinking. Although cognitive e m u l a t i o n appears to be inherent in knowledge engineering, it provides expert system practitioners with additional mechanisms to acquire and integrate the representation of knowledge constructs with the reasoning strategies e m p l o y e d by domain experts to effectively a c h ieve a reliable system. The book assumes no prior e x posure to c o g n i t i v e psychology and therefore is not o v e r loaded with jargon. As stated in the introductory chapter, this book is extremel~l rich in references (200 + bibliography), which allows the reader to actively pursue additional topics of related interest; the reader should be prepared for some difficulty in gaining access to many of the citations of European origin. The variety of expert system topics (e.g. knowledge representation, multiple experts, uncertainty, etc.) and their relations to cognitive emulation are s u p ported by simple examples that define and clarify areas of discussion. These examples try to support opposing v i e w points w h e r e appropriate. Although the depth of the material for these areas is relatively shallow, Slatter does a good job at relating them to previously distinguished topics (breadth) as may be seen t h r o u g h o u t the book and chapter summaries. Breadth is the strong point of the book. Although many of the topics discussed are standard aspects of knowledge engineering, there are additional sections that cover m o r e r e m o t e concepts, such as behavioral mimicry, tutoring, and novices vs. experts. There is even a section discussing cognitive emulation and neural processing. These selected discussions of human cognition are provided at the conceptual level, rather than the i m plementation level, which may account for the s o m e w h a t limited o v e r v i e w of h o w current systems incorporate the proposed principles. There w e r e editorial s h o r t c o m i n g s of the book. Specifically, numerous t y p o g r a p h i c a l errors and an o v e r generalized table of contents. Furthermore, chapter 4 made references to n o n - e x i s t e n t text. Overall, I give this book a favorable review. As an i n t r o d u c t o r y text to cognitive emulation, the b o o k meets all of its stated objectives (p. 12-13). Aspiring k n o w l e d g e e n - SIC,ART Newsletter, July 1988, Number 105 Page 11

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