Bias and Responsibility in 'Neutral' Social Protocols Lorrie Faith Cranor A T& T Labs-Research[1] lorrie@acm.org http ://www.research.amcom/- lorrie/ he Platform for Internet Content Selection (PICS) [2] and the Platform for Privacy Preferences Project (P3P) [3] are both technologies developed with the express purpose of offering technical solutions to social problems of concern to policy makers. While the designers of these platforms may have thought about them in much broader terms [4], in each case it was a single policy issue - protecting children from harmful online materials and protecting online privacy, respectively - - that was primarily responsible for driving the development of each of these technologies [5]. Despite the explicit social goals of these technologies, in both cases efforts were made to develop platforms capable of supporting a multitude of diverse policies. Thus, these technologies have been referred to as 'policy neutral' or 'value neutral'. While these terms certainly reflect the fact that no specific policies were built into these technologies, I argue that 1) the platforms are none-the-less inherently biased and 2) that the platform designers may have a responsibility to prevent, or at least warn against, the use of the platforms to implement dangerous or
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